Process of making hollow glassware.



J. RAU. PROCESS 0F MAKING HOLLOW GLASSWABB. APPLIOATION FILED 113.23, 1912.

1,061,405. Patented May 13, 1913.

2 BHEETE-BHEBT Z.

LVI/EN TOR.

John Rau ATTORNEY.

l 45 with the mold bottom and with the blowingrv 3o-by the plunger.

" ofthe United States,

entran PROCESS OF MAKING HOLLOXV GLASSWAR.

Specification ofiLetters Patent.

rammed May 13,191 a.

Application filed February, 1312. Serial No. 679,451.

To all fre/710m 'it muy Concern:

Be it known that l, Jeun Ran, a citizen residing at Indianapolis, county of Marion, and State of ln- 5. diana, have imei/:1d a certain useful Procow Glassware; and I ess for M aking? do hereby' declare that the followingr is 'a .full, clear.` and ,exact descriptionA thereof, reference being had to the accompanying 1.0 drawings.

l may be inadefof one, live, ten lons capacity, as desired. greatly cheapens and facilitates the manu` 2o the $5 tii'ainsferriiig;y the blank.

`steps whereby` "stall appear troni the accompanying.;l drawings and the following description The object of this process is the prodne tion, by blowing, of very large hollow glass 7,.-Jvi7are, such is bottles, jars, -tleniijohns 'and With tins process said articles or fifteen gal-1 carboys.

Said process facture of such articles. The large ca- "pacity of the article lbeing made, increase.

of forming the same. he nature of the process and its various said obiect is accomplished and claims. h M

ln the drawings, Figure 1 is a central ver-` -tical section ltfhrougli a. press mold and associated parts, showing thel blank formed Fig@ is the same, showing means .t'or introducing air into the blow opening of the blank for maintainingr the blank without change while being' removed. Fig. El a perspective riew of the lift-over Fig. 4 is a central vertical section through the blow mold and associated parts- "with a minable bottoni in yjan elevated position.v Fig. is the same,

"l" sliowii'ig,l the glass blank inserted in the blow mold. l ig. l? is the gnine showing the mold '5o placed in a press mold 12 bottom nioied up `toward the blank to itl limit .of inoveiiienl. Fig. T the same :lhowihgi the lower pant of the blank after it sagged down by gravity into contact means in place. Fig. 8 is the saine with the `article partliY blown. I"ig..ri1 tlie saine with the artirlt` complete-lv blown.

`ln the first place -a gather of glass on a' table l for vthe purpose of forming a `blank l0 willi a blow opening "il dillieulties to be overcome bv the process in the uppernd thereof i A lift-over 14- isplaced upon the press mold and a plunger 15 is inserted into the' upper end of the gather of-glass. This presses the gl blank in the press mold into definite shape and provides the blow opening 11 and forces the upper part ofthe glassvagainst the walls of the liflover and shapes and finishes the neck or top of the article. In the second place air is introduced into the blow opening 11. of tlielglass blank 10 while it is still vin the press mold; This may be done from the mouth of the operator. or by pneumatic machinery w-hich forces air into said blank under pressure through what may here be called a blow head l() which is' The sort of placed upon the, lift-over 14.

means or mode of furnishing the air is iin- -material so long as air is introduced into the blow opening 1l under-.slight pressure.

.That prevents the destruction of said open- .'mg by tne collapse ol' the glass before 1t is lchilled and also partly chills the inner surface of tht` glass to prevent' collapse. In other words. this air perr'oin'is two functions, one theoreimill)v following; the other. The air pressure holds back the wall of the glass after the plunger is removed andprerents it from collapsing' and then it will chill the inner surface of the glass. The air Ishould be introduced into the blank. in the press: mold as soon 'as possibleaft'er the. blank has been pressedand the blowl openin;l .formed therein; `his may be done lietfore the plunger is withdrawn, but it -is preferably doin` inunediately after the plun- Iwi is withdrawn, for otherwise there is dunner of tho blow opening being' destroyed bj.' the collapse ofthe glass.

ln the mechanism herein shown for the purpose of carrying out this operation, the blow hield 2U hasy a movable bottoinll. carried on a' rod l2 which extends d-own throug'li an opening 23 in the bottom of the blow niold and an opening *211 in the table 13 andiniay be vertically nioi'ed or manipu- 'lated by hand, by mechanical means or by -air or lliud. '1 he mold also has an opening Q5 in its upper end large enough to receive thel shoulder J6 extending! down from the. bottoni of tln` lift-over and centering the saine iu the well known manner. The blow inohl is considerably larger 'm1 diameter thereof.

than the blank 10 and lthe bottom 21 is l means in position upon the lift-over on the larger than the opening; 25 at the upper end of the blow mold. 1n the idle position, the bottom is at its lowest limit of movement in the opening in the bottom of the blow mold and resting upon the table 13 and the openingA il therethrough. ln the next step of the prec-ess the bottom 2l is elevated in the blow mold, say about onefourth of the distance from the lower en-tl Tn thc next place the blank thusl formed is transferred..either by band. as shown in Fig. 3. or by mechanical means. from the press mold to a blow mold 20. The blank is suspended from the lift-over H, the lift-ovel holdin?.` it by the neck thereof, and is inserted into the blow mold, shown in Fig'. 5. with the lower end thereof some distance above the mold bottom. In the next place the movable bottom :'21 is moved farther upward toward the glass blank, as shown in Fig'. G. As I have practised Vthe invention heretofore. this upward movement of the mold bottom from tbe cX- treme lower position of the mold bottom to the upward limit of movement thereof, as shown in Fin". (l. has been a continuous up ward movement, although this is not necessary. The blank has been inserted and thereafter the mold bottom further elevated to its upward limit, but its upward limit of movement should preferably be below the lower end of the blank for the blank should not strike the bottom while thi` blank is be4 ing inserted in the mold. Otherwise the blank might be destroyed or -disarrangetl In the next place the mechanism is held 'in .Qazfu quo long; enough for the blank to sap; down by gravity into engagement with the central upper surface of the movable mold bottom. As the lower half of the blank is highly heated` it takes but a very short time for it to sag' down from the position shown in Fig. 6 to that shown in Fig. 7. This is by far the better way to carry out this part of the process. That is. it is better to let the blank sag down until it meets the mold bottom rather than to move the mold bottom up against the blank for the latter might move too far or otherwise disarrange or destroy the blank, whereas if the Contact is broughtabout by the mere elongation of the lower part of the blank due to gravity, such movement will stop automatically as soon as the blank comesdown upon the mold bottom, for all that is needed to stop such elongated movement is the slight resistance of the mold bottom. Hence it is better for the mold bottom to be stationary at the time that this contact occurs. lVhile the operator or Workman is waiting until theJ glass blank sags down into contact with the top of the mold bottom, he can and probably should be placing the blow headBO or other blowing blow mold preparatory to bl'iwingj the article. This blowing may be done by the workman or by machinery, as desired. The blowing should not pre-teile or begin before the blank touches the mold bottom, l'or it is necessary that this -contact between the blank and mold bottom precede the blowingl in order that the blank may be properly centered and guided during the blowing. ()tberwise there might be an uneven blowing or distributionof the `glass. A\fter the glass blank has come in Contact with the mold bottom, air is introduced or blown into the blow opening: 11 ot' the `glass blank and during the first half of the blowingr operation. the mold bottom is held practically stationary so that the article will be blo-wn laterally until the glass comes in contact with the interior wall of the mold. as shown in Fig. S. This forms the upper part of the body of the glass article completely and leaves a thick body of `a'lass at the lower end resting upon the mold bottom. In the last half of the blowing operation, the mold bottom 21 is moved downwardly and in its downr-ard movement, itI guides and holds the lower part of the article being blown so that the lower part of the article will be perfeetly formed. This downward movement of the mold bottom should be very quick and rapid and preferably with accelerated downard movement or speed .so that the mold bcttom will not in any degree resist the downward movement of the glass in the bottom of the blank or article. In fact, to some degree the mold bottom facilitates the downward movement of the glass as it guides and holds the same and this cooperation with the air pressure within the `glass article, causes the perfect formation of the lower half of the article, as' shown in Fig. 9. At all times when the mold bottom 21 is in contact with the blank or glass article. it should be yiclding'ly supported so that it will, in emergency, according to the volume of glass, yield slightly and thus avoid any ill results from irregular or positive action of any of the parts. However, the limit of upward movement of the movable bottom should have a predetermined relation to the length and size of the blank which is to be put into the blow' mold in order that they may come together at the proper time and under the proper conditions. The blank must not be allowed to elongate very long or to any great degree before it touches the mold bot-tom, nor, as has been explained, should the mold bottom be pushed up into the `glass blank.

i'lyith the foregoing operation, I have been enabled to make very large glass bottles and jars. such as those of ten gallons capacity with an even distribution of the glass and without many malformations of the articles or undue loss. This result is due to several features of the process, press blank of predetermined dimensions, the production in said press blank of a blow opening, predetermined upward movement of the movable bottom in the blow mold according to the length and size of the glass blank, the proper meeting of the lower end of the glass blank with the center of the movable mold bottom, the yielding resistance of the movable mold bottom during the first half of the blowing so as to spread the upper end of the blank, as shown in Fig. 8, and then the ready downward movement of the mold bottom immediately thereafter, so as to simultaneously support and guide the volume of glass at the bottom of the blank and yet not resist its downward movement under the action of the incoming air.

I claim as my invention: 1. In the process of making hollow glass ware, pressing a glass blank in a press mold and forming a ,blow opening centrally in the neck end thereof, introducing air under pressure into said blow opening while the blank is in said mold for maintaining said blow opening and chilling its surface without enlarging the blank, replacing the press mold with a separate blow mold and subsequently blowing said blank into aA finished article. Y

2. In the process of making hollow glass ware, pressing a glass blank and forminga blow opening centrally in. the neck end thereof, introducing air under pressure into said blow opening for maintaining said blow opening and chilling its surface without enlarging the blank, removing said glass blank from the position where it was formed, and subsequently blowing said blank into a finished article. y

3. In the process of making hollow glass ware, pressing a glass blank with a central blow opening in the neck end thereof, introducing air into said blank for blowing the same, resisting the longitudinal expansion of said blank during the first part of the blowin thereof so that it will laterally expand to orm the upper part of the article, :vid guiding the lower end of said blank during the latter part of the blowing thereof. I J

4. In the process of making hollow glass ware, pressing a glass blank with a central blow opening in t-he neck end thereof, introducing air into said blank for blowing the same. resisting the longitudinal eXpanthe formation of tli'ef ware, pressingfa glass blank and forming a blow openin centrally in the neck end thereof, introducing air under pressure into said blow opening for maintaining said blow and chilling its surface without enopening larging the blank, transferring the blank to another position, introducing air into the blank for blowing the same, and guiding the lower end of the blank while it is being blown.

6. In the process of making hollow glass ware, pressing a glass blank and forming a blow opening centrally in the neck end thereof, introducing air under pressure into said blow opening forl maintaining said blow opening and chilling its surface without enlarging the blank, transferring the blank to another position, introducing air into the blank for blowing the same, and yieldingly supporting the lower end of said blank while it is bein blown.

7. In the process 0% making hollow glass ware, pressing a glass blow opening centrally in the neck end thereof, introducing air under pressure into said blow opening for maintaining said blow opening and chilling its surface without enlarging the blank, transferring the blank to another position, introducing air into the blank for blowing the same, supporting the lower end of the blank, yieldingly holding from movement the lower end of said blank during the first part of the blowing thereof, and yieldingly withdrawing the lower end of said blank during the latter part thereof.

blank and forming a 8. In the process of making hollow glass ware, inserting a glass blank downwardly' into the upper end of the blow mold which is of larger diameter than the blank, introducing air into' the blank for blowing the same, supporting the lower end of the blank from vertical expansion during the first part of the blowing thereof, and yieldingly supporting the same during the last part of the blowing thereof.

9. In the process of making hollow glass ware, pressing a glass blank with a blow opening in the upper end thereof, inserting said blank into the upper end of a blow mold, supporting the lower end of the blank-within the mold, introducing air into the blank for blowing the same in said mold, and after the blank has been expanded laterally to the side wall of the mold, lowering the support for the lower end of the blank until it reaches the bottom of the mold.

10. In the process of making hollow glass ware, forming a glass blank of predetermined size, inserting land .supporting the same in the up er end of a b low mold, elevating a mva le bottom in said mold so that it will support the lower end of the blank, introducing air into lsaid blank for llo blowing it, holding the movable bottom in its affixed my signature in the presence of the elevated position until the upper part of the witnesses herein named.

articlev has been fully blown, and then lower- JOHN RAU. ing the movable bottom While the lower part Vitnesses: 5 of the article is being blown. f G. H. BOINK,

In witness whereof, I have hereunto O. M. MCLAUGHLIN.

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